Today the prevalence of lactose tolerance varies widely between regions and ethnic groups.
Lactase persistence evolved in several populations independently, probably as an adaptation to the domestication of dairy animals around 10,000 years ago. Other mammals usually lose the ability to digest lactose after weaning, and is the ancestral state of all humans before the recent evolution of lactase persistence in some cultures, which extends lactose tolerance into adulthood. Worldwide, around 65% of adults are affected by lactose malabsorption. It is also improved by drinking milks with more natural fat content. People are typically able to drink at least one cup of milk without developing symptoms, with greater amounts tolerated if drunk with a meal or throughout the day. Management is typically by decreasing the amount of lactose in the diet, taking lactase supplements, or treating the underlying disease. Lactose intolerance is different from a milk allergy.
Other conditions that may produce similar symptoms include irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Other supporting tests include a hydrogen breath test and a stool acidity test. ĭiagnosis may be confirmed if symptoms resolve following eliminating lactose from the diet. The reduction of lactase production starts typically in late childhood or early adulthood, but prevalence increases with age. Congenital lactose intolerance is an extremely rare genetic disorder in which little or no lactase is made from birth. Developmental lactose intolerance may occur in premature babies and usually improves over a short period of time. Such injury could be the result of infection, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or other diseases. Secondary lactose intolerance is due to injury to the small intestine. Primary lactose intolerance occurs as the amount of lactase declines as people grow up. There are four types: primary, secondary, developmental, and congenital. Lactose intolerance is due to the lack of the enzyme lactase in the small intestines to break lactose down into glucose and galactose. Lactose intolerance does not cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract. Their severity typically depends on the amount a person eats or drinks. These symptoms typically start thirty minutes to two hours after eating or drinking something containing lactose. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, flatulence, and nausea. Humans vary in the amount of lactose they can tolerate before symptoms develop. Lactose intolerance is caused by a less ability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. ~65% of people worldwide (less common in Europeans and East Africans)
Irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, milk allergy ĭecreasing lactose in the diet, lactase supplements, treat the underlying cause Non-increased ability to digest lactose (genetic, small intestine injury) Lactase deficiency, hypolactasia, alactasiaĪbdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea ĭoes not cause damage to the GI tract ģ0–120 min after consuming dairy products
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